|
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associates
|
Tree Species |
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associates |
|
Alder= Alnus spp. |
Alpova diplophloeus (S), Gyrodon montana,
G. monticola; Lactarius controversus, L. glyciosmus, L.
lilacinus, L. obscuratus; Russula decolorans, Russula emetica;
Cenococcum geophilum. NO RHIZOPOGON. Also a
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal host |
|
Arborvitae=
Thuja occidentalis |
Not an Ectomycorrhizal host. This is a
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal host. |
|
Aspen= Populus spp. |
Boletus edulis; Hebeloma crustuliniforme,
H. longicaudum, Inocybe decipientoides; Laccaria laccata;
Leccinum nigrescens, L. aurantiacum, L. duriusculum, L. scabrum;
Melanoleuca melaleuca; Russula puchella, R. delica, R. virescens;
Tricholoma pesundatum, T. populinum, T. urinum; Xerocomus
chrysenteron; Cenococcum geophilum; Lactarius controversus;
Tuber borchii; Lepista nuda; Amanita muscaria, A. vaginata;
Cortinarius cinnamomeus; C. colinitus; Paxillus involutus.
NO RHIZOPOGON. Also a Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
host. |
|
Basswood = Tilia spp. |
Boletus rubellus; Inocybe fumosifolia;
Leccinum scabrum; Russula palumbina, R. parazurea, R. sororia;
Xerocomus chrysenteron; Cenococcum geophilum; Scleroderma
aurantium; Amanita pantherina.
NO RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Beech = Fagus spp. |
Cenococcum geophilum; Cortinarius
cinnabarinus; Lactarius subdulcis; Amanita cesarean, A. citrine,
A. muscaria, pantherina, A. phaloides, A. rubescens, A. vaginata;
Boletus calopus, B. edulis, B. erythropus; Cantharellus formosus;
Craterellus tubaeformis, C. cornucopioides; Cenococcum geophilum;
Cortinarius anomalus, C. purpurascens, C. sulphureus; Gyroporus
cyanescens; Hydnum repandum; Hygrophorus pudorinus, H. russula;
Laccaria laccata; Lactarius piperatus; Leccinum scabrum; Russula
alutacea; Rhodophyllus sinuatus; Ramaria formosa; Scleroderma
aurantium; Strobilomyces floccopus; Tricholoma sulphureum; Tuber
aestivum, T. excavatum; Xerocomus chrysenteron, X. pulverulentus
and X. subtomentosus.
Rhizopogon marchii ? |
|
Birch = Betula spp. |
Amanita crocea; Clavariadelphus
fistulosus; Cortinarius semisanguineus; Inocybe dulcamera;
Lactarius pallidus; Russula emetica, R. foetens, R. lepida;
Tricholoma atrosquamosum, T. flavovirens; Xerocomus chrysenteron;
Leccinum aurantiacum, L. scabrum; Cenococcum geophilum; Hebeloma
mesophaeum.
NO RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Chestnut =
Castanea |
Amanita rubescens, A. pantherina;
Cenococcum geophilum; Boletus edulis, B. luridus; Cantharellus
formosus; Cortinarius caerulescens; Gyroporus castaneus;
Lactarius volemus; Leccinum aurantiacum, L. scabrum; Russula
lepida, R. foetens; Scleroderma aurantium; Tuber melanosporum;
Tylopilus felleus; Xerocomus chrysenteron.
NO
RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Chinquapin = Castanopsis
spp. |
Cenococcum geophilum; Amanita cesarea;
There is only one Rhizopogon species cited as an
associate= R. quercicola, but doubtful association.
NO RHIZOPOGON |
|
Fir = Abies spp.
Pt
R |
Gomphidius glutinosus, G. oregonensis,
G. subroseus; Suillus luteus;
Amanita muscaria, A.
pantehrina; Cenococcum geophilum; Hygrophorus marzuolus;
Pisolithus tinctorius; Ramaria flava; Tricholoma flavovirens;
Boletus edulis; Suillus granulatus; Lactarius deliciosus;
Russula delica; Rhizopogon albidus, R. albiroseus, R.
arctostaphyli, R. colossus, R. ellenae, R. evadens, R.
flavifibrollosus, R. hawkerae, R. hysterangioides, R.
luteoalboides, R. molligleba, R. occidentalis, R. parksii, R.
parvulus, R. roseolus, R. rubescens, R. semireticulatus, R.
smithii, R. subareolatus, R. subcaerulescens, R. subpurpurascens,
R. subsalmonius, R. tephrogleba, R. truncatus, R. villosulus, R.
vinicolor, R. vulgaris. |
|
Hemlock = Tsuga spp.
Pt |
Cenococcum geophilum; Suillus granulatus;
Amanita gemmata, A. muscaria, A. vaginata; Boletellus zelleri;
Boletus edulis; Gomphus floccosus; Cortinarius cinnamomeus;
Gomphidius toementosus; Laccaria laccata; Lactarius deliciosus;
Russula delica, R. emetica, R. foetens; Pisolithus tinctorius;
Rhizopogon abietis, R. atroviolaceus, R. clavitisporus, R.
colossus, R. ellenae, R. evadens, R. exiguous, R.
flavifibrollosus, R. hawkerae, R. milleri, R. obscurus, R.
ochraceorubens, R. parksii, R. pseudovillosulus, R. rubescens,
R. smithii, R. subcaerulescens, R. subcinnamomeus, R.
subgelatinosus, R. subpurpurascens, R. subsalmonius, R.
truncates, R. villescens, R. villosulus, R. vinicolor, R.
vulgaris. |
|
Hazelnut =
Corylus avellana |
Boletus erythropus, B. edulis; Leccinum
aurantiacum; Amainta rubescens; Cenococcum geophilum;
Cortinarius anomalus; C. violacea; Hydnum repandum; Hygrophorus
nemoreus; Lactarius coryli, L. subdulcis; Leccinum scabrum;
Lepista nuda; Russula foetens. NO RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Hickory = Carya spp. |
Russula aeruginea, R. foetens; Xerocomus
chrysenteron; Laccaria ochropurpurea.
NO RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Larch = Larix spp.
R |
Gomphidius flavipes; Lactarius
deliciosus; Scleroderma verrucosum; Amanita muscaria;
Fuscoboletinus cavipes; Boletus edulis; Cenococcum geophilum;
Inocybe dulcamera; Lactarius rufus; Paxillus involutus; Russula
enmetica, R. laricina; Scleroderma aurantium; Suillus luteus;
Rhizopogon parvulus, R. proximus, R. semireticulatus, R.
umbrinoviolascens and R. vinicolor. |
|
Oak = Quercus spp.
Pt |
Amanita muscaria; Boletus luridus, B.
regius, B. edulis; Cortinarius alboviolaceus; Hebeloma
crustuliniforme; Hygrophorus eburneus; Inocybe geophylla;
Lactarius aurantiacus, L. vellereus; Leccinum aurantiacum;
Paxillus involutus; Pisolithus tinctorius; Russula nigricans, R.
alutacea; Scleroderma verrucosum; Suillus variegate, S. luteus;
Telephora terrestris; Tuber melanosporum; Tylopilus tabacinus;
Cenococcum geophilum. Also a Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mycorrhizal host, at least during seedling stage.
NO
RHIZOPOGON. |
|
Pecan =
Carya illinoensis |
Same as Hickory |
|
Pine = Pinus spp.
Pt
R |
Amanita muscaria; Boletus edulis;
Cortinarius brunneus, C. cinnamomeus; Gomphidius
glutinosus;Hydnum imbricatum; Hygrophorus pudorinus; Lactarius
subdulcis, L. deliciosus; Tricholoma caligatum, T. sejunctum;
Cenococcum geophilum; Suillus granualtus, S. luteus, S.
tomentosus; Lactarius rufus; Laccaria laccata; Paxillus
involutus, Pisolithus tinctorius; Russula emetica; Scleroderma
aurantium;Telephora terrestris; Rhizopogon abietis, R.
albidus, R. amoensus, R. arctostaphyli, R. argillascens, R.
armeniacus, R. atlanticus, R. atroviolaceus, R. bacteri, R.
clavitisporus, R. colossus, R. colombianus, R. couchii, R.
cusickensis, R. ellenae, R. evadens, R. fabric, R. fallax, R.
flavifibrollosus, R. flavus, R. fuscorubens, R. hawkerae, R.
hymenogastrosporus, R. hysterangioides, R. luteolus, R.
luteoalboides, R. luteoalbus, R. luteoloides, R. luteorubescens,
R. lutescens, R. marchii, R. milleri, R. molligleba, R.
nigrescens, R. obscurus, R. occidentalis, R. ochraceorubens, R.
ochroleucoides, R. odoratus, R. olivaceoniger, R. pachydermus,
R. pinyonensis, R. ponderosus, R. pseudoroseolus, R. reaii, R.
roseolus, R. rubescens, R. semireticulatus, R. separabilis, R.
singularis, R. smithii, R. sordidus, R. subaustralis, R.
subcaerulescens, R. subcroceus, R. subgelatinosus, R.
sublateritius, R. subpurpurascens, R. subsalmonius, R. succosus,
R. tephrogleba, R. thaxteri, R. truncatus, R. udus, R.
ventricisporus, R. vesiculosus, R. vestitus, R. vulgaris. |
|
Poplar = Populus spp. |
Amanita muscaria; Hebeloma longicalum,
H. crustuliniforme; Inocybe decipientoides; Laccaria laccata;
Leccinum nigrescens, L. aurantiacum; Russula pulchella;
Tricholoma pessundatum. T. populinum; Cenococcum geophilum;
Lepista nuda; Paxillus involutus; Cortinarius cinnamomeus;
Boletus edulis; Hymenogaster alnicola. NO RHIZOPOGON.
Also a Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal host. |
|
Spruce = Picea spp.
R |
Amanita muscaria, A. pantherina; Boletus
edulis, B. rubellus; Catathelasma imperiale; Cenococcum
geophilum, Cortinarius brunneus, C. cinnamomeus; Gomphidius
glutinosus; Hydnum repandum; Lactarius deliciosus; Paxillus
involutus; Russula delica; Scleroderma aurantium; Suillus
granulatus; Tricholoma terreum; Xerocomus subtomentosus;
Rhizopogon arctostaphyli, R. ellenae, R. flavifibrollosus, R.
hymenogastrosporus, R. hysterangioides, R. luteolus, R.
luteoalboides, R. luteorubescens, R. marchii, R. occidentalis,
R. roseolus, R. rubescens, R. subgelatinosus and R. vulgaris. |
|
Willow = Salix spp. |
Cortinarius flexipes, C.
semisanguineus;Hebeloma pusillum; Inocybe calamistrata, I.
longispora; Hebeloma mesophaeum, H. crustuliniforme; Laccaria
laccata, L. montana; Cenococcum geophilum; Lactarius aurantiacus;
Leccinum scabrum; Russula alpine, R. emetica; Hymenogaster
glacialis; Paxillus involutus.
NO RHIZOPOGON. Also a
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal host. |
|
Eucalyptus = Eucalyptus spp.
Pt |
Amanita muscaria, A. pantherian; Boletus
portentosus; Pisolithus tinctorius; Scleroderma flavidum, S.
verrucosum; Cenococcum geophilum.
NO RHIZOPOGON. Only one
Rhizopogon species reported= R. sardous.
Also a Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal host. |
|
Douglas-fir =
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
R |
Rizopogon abietis, R. arctostaphyli,
R. atroviolaceus, R. clavitisporus, R. colossus, R. columbianus,
R. cusickensis, R. ellenae, R. evadens, R. flavifibrollosus, R.
hawkerae, R. lutescens, R. molallaensis, R. occidentalis, R.
odoratus, R. parksii, R. parvulus, R. proximus, R.
pseudovillosulus, R. rogersii, R. rubescens, R. rudus, R.
semireticulatus, R. smithii, R. subareolatus, R. subcaerulescens,
R. subcinnamomeus, R. subgelatinosus, R. subsalmonius, R.
tephrogleba, R. truncatus, R. umbrinoviolascens, R. villescens,
R. villosulus, R. vinicolor, R. vulgaris and R. zelleri.
At least 2000 species of mycorrhizal fungi
associate with Douglas-fir throughout its range in North
America. Trappe 1977. |
References:
Molina, R. and J. M. Trappe. 1994. Biology of
the ectomycorrhizal genus, Rhizopogon. I. Host associations,
host-specificity and pure culture syntheses. New Phytologist
126:653-675.
Trappe, J.M. 1962. Fungus associates of
ectotrophic mycorrhizae. The Botanical Review 28:538-606.
Castellano, M.A. 1996. Outplanting performance of
ectomycorrhizal inoculated seedlings. In Concepts in Mycorrhizal
Research. K.G. Mukerji. (ed.) 223-301. Kluger Academic Publishers.
Netherlands.
O’Dell, T.E. Castellano, M.A, and J.M. Trappe.
1992. Biology and application of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In, Metting,
Jr., F.B. (ed.) Soil Microbial Ecology. Marcel Decker, Inc. New York.
Pp. 379-416.
Trappe, J.M. 1977. Selection of fungi for
ectomycorrhizal inoculation in nurseries. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol
15:203-222 |